Expand permission model with service accountsĬlients are entities that interact with Keycloak to authenticate users and obtain tokens. External token to internal token exchange Internal token to external token exchange Internal token to internal token exchange Refreshing invalid Registration Access Tokens Initial Access and Registration Access Tokens Configuring a client for use with the Client Registration CLI Configuring a new regular user for use with Client Registration CLI Automating Client Registration with the CLI Example using Java Client Registration API OpenID Connect Dynamic Client Registration Docker registry environment variable override installation Docker registry configuration file installation Configuring a Docker registry to use Keycloak Setting the SameSite value for the cookie used by mod_auth_mellon Configuring mod_auth_mellon with Keycloak Using SAML to secure applications and services Open Banking Brasil Financial-grade API Security Profile Client Initiated Backchannel Authentication Grant Using OpenID Connect to secure applications and services Basic steps to secure applications and services Planning for securing applications and services We can only cover both the federal and California law of evidence in a brief essay like this by a ruthless process of selection and compression. What we will cover can best be thought of as that essential kernel of the law of evidence that the trial lawyer must carry in his head. Our task would be impossible but for two important facts. Accordingly, most of the rules presented will already be familiar to you.įirst, all of you have studied the law of evidence before, either in a course on evidence or in preparation for the bar exam. What we will do here is to try to review, organize, and reinforce that law so that you can apply it with confidence when you need it. Second, most of the rules of evidence need not be covered here because they are either so obvious that you already know all you need to know about them or they apply only in limited circumstances. For example, we would surely be wasting our time if we indulged in an extended discussion of the rule that evidence should be construed to achieve the ends of justice, and others like it. This and many other rules only state the obvious and will not be covered here. Rules that apply only in limited circumstances include ones like those relating to the scope of cross examination of a plaintiff in a case of sexual assault, a juror's incompetence to impeach his own verdict, and the proof of valuation of property. You do not need to know those special rules unless you get a case where they apply. When that happens, it will be time enough to study them. What is left after you eliminate all the rules that are obvious and all those that have only limited application are the rules that are used every day in ordinary cases and that are not trivial or obvious. These essential tools of survival must be thoroughly mastered. They will enable you to solve the vast majority of evidentiary problems that arise in preparing and trying your cases. I do recommend, however, that you take the time to read whichever codification applies to your practice so you will know when you need to study one of the rules of limited application and so that you can gain confidence that there are not any gaps in your knowledge.Ĭalifornia's Evidence Code is short and the Federal Rules of Evidence are shorter and, once we are done, I think that you will have an analytic framework that will allow you to read them easily and with understanding. There are four traditional types of evidence: real, demonstrative, documentary, and testimonial. Some rules of evidence apply to all four types and some apply only to some or one of them. First, we will cover general rules of admissibility that apply to all evidence. Then, we will cover foundational rules that relate to specific kinds of evidence. Finally, we will cover some special topics, like the form of examination, the hearsay rule, and the lay opinion rule, that frequently cause problems in the courtroom. The basic prerequisites of admissibility are relevance, materiality, and competence. In general, if evidence is shown to be relevant, material, and competent, and is not barred by an exclusionary rule, it is admissible. 402.Įvidence is relevant when it has any tendency in reason to make the fact that it is offered to prove or disprove either more or less probable. To be relevant, a particular item of evidence need not make the fact for which it is offered certain, or even more probable than not. All that is required is that it have some tendency to increase the likelihood of the fact for which it is offered.
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